ARC DE TRIOMPHE DU CARROUSEL
L’arc de triomphe du Carrousel est un monument datant de 1809 construit sous Napoléon Bonaparte. Il comporte des entrées sur chacune des quatre faces (tétrapyle). Il est situé dans le 1er arrondissement de Paris, sur la place du Carrousel, juste à l'ouest du Musée du Louvre. Cet arc de triomphe fait l’objet d’un classement au titre des monuments historiques depuis le 10 septembre 1888.
Historique
Édifié en hommage à la Grande Armée de Napoléon Bonaparte entre 1807 et 1809, le monument est situé devant le palais, sur l'esplanade précédant l'aile des Tuileries (avant qu'elle ne brûle en 1871). Célébrant la victoire de l'armée française à Austerlitz, l'arc de triomphe, dessiné par Charles Percier et Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, illustre la campagne de 1805 et la capitulation d'Ulm le 20 octobre 1805.
Description de l'arc
Il fait explicitement référence aux arcs de triomphe de l'empire romain et notamment à celui de Septime Sévère à Rome. Les sujets des bas-reliefs illustrant les batailles ont été choisis par le directeur du musée Napoléon (situé à l'époque au palais du Louvre), Vivant Denon, et dessiné par Charles Meynier.
Le quadrige surmontant l'arc est une copie des Chevaux de Bronze de Constantin Ier, attelage ornant le dessus de la porte principale de la basilique Saint-Marc de Venise. En effet, à l'issue de la première campagne d'Italie, l'armée française menée par le général de l'armée d'Italie Napoléon Bonaparte rapporta de Venise en 1798, l'original de la sculpture comme "trésor de guerre" et la plaça sur le monument. Il fut entouré de deux victoires à partir de 1808. En 1815, suite à la bataille de Waterloo et à la chute de l'empereur (Restauration), La France rend le quadrige aux Autrichiens qui la restituent aussitôt à la cité des doges qui venait d'être annexée à l'Empire d'Autriche par le Congrès de Vienne. La copie est alors effectuée par le sculpteur François Joseph Bosio en 1828.
Le monument comporte 3 arcades dans sa largeur, comme l’arc de Septime-Sévère, plus une qui est transversale. Sa hauteur est de 14,60 mètres (45 pieds) et sa base est un rectangle de 19,60 mètres (60 pieds) sur 6,65 mètres (20 pieds et demi). Il est couronné d’une frise imposante en marbre (griotte d'Italie), sculptée et gravée.
Historique
Édifié en hommage à la Grande Armée de Napoléon Bonaparte entre 1807 et 1809, le monument est situé devant le palais, sur l'esplanade précédant l'aile des Tuileries (avant qu'elle ne brûle en 1871). Célébrant la victoire de l'armée française à Austerlitz, l'arc de triomphe, dessiné par Charles Percier et Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, illustre la campagne de 1805 et la capitulation d'Ulm le 20 octobre 1805.
Description de l'arc
Il fait explicitement référence aux arcs de triomphe de l'empire romain et notamment à celui de Septime Sévère à Rome. Les sujets des bas-reliefs illustrant les batailles ont été choisis par le directeur du musée Napoléon (situé à l'époque au palais du Louvre), Vivant Denon, et dessiné par Charles Meynier.
Le quadrige surmontant l'arc est une copie des Chevaux de Bronze de Constantin Ier, attelage ornant le dessus de la porte principale de la basilique Saint-Marc de Venise. En effet, à l'issue de la première campagne d'Italie, l'armée française menée par le général de l'armée d'Italie Napoléon Bonaparte rapporta de Venise en 1798, l'original de la sculpture comme "trésor de guerre" et la plaça sur le monument. Il fut entouré de deux victoires à partir de 1808. En 1815, suite à la bataille de Waterloo et à la chute de l'empereur (Restauration), La France rend le quadrige aux Autrichiens qui la restituent aussitôt à la cité des doges qui venait d'être annexée à l'Empire d'Autriche par le Congrès de Vienne. La copie est alors effectuée par le sculpteur François Joseph Bosio en 1828.
Le monument comporte 3 arcades dans sa largeur, comme l’arc de Septime-Sévère, plus une qui est transversale. Sa hauteur est de 14,60 mètres (45 pieds) et sa base est un rectangle de 19,60 mètres (60 pieds) sur 6,65 mètres (20 pieds et demi). Il est couronné d’une frise imposante en marbre (griotte d'Italie), sculptée et gravée.
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The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is a triumphal arch in Paris, located in the Place du Carrousel on the site of the former Tuileries Palace. It was built between 1806 and 1808 to commemorate Napoleon's military victories of the previous year. The more famous Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile nearby was designed in the same year, but it took thirty years to build and is about twice the size.
History
Designed by Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, the arch was built between 1806 and 1808 by the Emperor Napoleon I, on the model of the Arch of Constantine (312 AD) in Rome, as a gateway of the Tuileries Palace, the Imperial residence. The destruction of the Tuileries Palace during the Paris Commune in 1871, allowed an unobstructed view west towards the more famous Arc de Triomphe.
It was originally surmounted by the famous horses of Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, which had been captured in 1798 by Napoleon. In 1815, following the Battle of Waterloo and the Bourbon restoration, France ceded the quadriga to the Austrian empire which had annexed Venice under the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Austrians immediately returned the statuary to Venice. The horses of Saint Mark were replaced in 1828 by a quadriga sculpted by Baron François Joseph Bosio, depicting Peace riding in a triumphal chariot led by gilded Victories on both sides. The composition commemorates the Restoration of the Bourbons following Napoleon's downfall.
The Arc du Carrousel inspired the design of Marble Arch, constructed in London between 1826 and 1833.
Description
The monument is 63 feet (19 m) high, 75 feet (23 m) wide, and 24 feet (7.3 m) deep. The 21 feet (6.4 m) high central arch is flanked by two smaller ones, 14 feet (4.3 m) high, and 9 feet (2.7 m) wide. Around its exterior are eight Corinthian columns of marble, topped by eight soldiers of the Empire. On the pediment, between the soldiers, bas-reliefs depict:
The arch is, of course, derivative of the triumphal arches of the Roman Empire; in particular that of Septimius Severus in Rome. The subjects of the bas-reliefs devoted to the battles were selected by the director of the Napoleon Museum (Paris) (located at the time in the Louvre), Vivant Denon, and designed by Charles Meynier.
The quadriga atop the arch is a copy of the so-called Horses of Saint Mark that adorn the top of the main door of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice but during both French empires the originals were brought up for special occasions.
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is a triumphal arch in Paris, located in the Place du Carrousel on the site of the former Tuileries Palace. It was built between 1806 and 1808 to commemorate Napoleon's military victories of the previous year. The more famous Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile nearby was designed in the same year, but it took thirty years to build and is about twice the size.
History
Designed by Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, the arch was built between 1806 and 1808 by the Emperor Napoleon I, on the model of the Arch of Constantine (312 AD) in Rome, as a gateway of the Tuileries Palace, the Imperial residence. The destruction of the Tuileries Palace during the Paris Commune in 1871, allowed an unobstructed view west towards the more famous Arc de Triomphe.
It was originally surmounted by the famous horses of Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, which had been captured in 1798 by Napoleon. In 1815, following the Battle of Waterloo and the Bourbon restoration, France ceded the quadriga to the Austrian empire which had annexed Venice under the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Austrians immediately returned the statuary to Venice. The horses of Saint Mark were replaced in 1828 by a quadriga sculpted by Baron François Joseph Bosio, depicting Peace riding in a triumphal chariot led by gilded Victories on both sides. The composition commemorates the Restoration of the Bourbons following Napoleon's downfall.
The Arc du Carrousel inspired the design of Marble Arch, constructed in London between 1826 and 1833.
Description
The monument is 63 feet (19 m) high, 75 feet (23 m) wide, and 24 feet (7.3 m) deep. The 21 feet (6.4 m) high central arch is flanked by two smaller ones, 14 feet (4.3 m) high, and 9 feet (2.7 m) wide. Around its exterior are eight Corinthian columns of marble, topped by eight soldiers of the Empire. On the pediment, between the soldiers, bas-reliefs depict:
The arch is, of course, derivative of the triumphal arches of the Roman Empire; in particular that of Septimius Severus in Rome. The subjects of the bas-reliefs devoted to the battles were selected by the director of the Napoleon Museum (Paris) (located at the time in the Louvre), Vivant Denon, and designed by Charles Meynier.
The quadriga atop the arch is a copy of the so-called Horses of Saint Mark that adorn the top of the main door of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice but during both French empires the originals were brought up for special occasions.
Geography
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is at the eastern end of the so-called Axe historique ("grand historic axis") of Paris, a nine-kilometre-long linear route which dominates much of the northwestern quadrant of the city. It is, in effect, the backbone of the Right Bank.
Looking west, the arch is perfectly aligned with the obelisk in the Place de la Concorde, the centerline of the grand boulevard Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe at the Place de l'Étoile, and, although it is not directly visible from the Place du Carrousel, the Grande Arche de la Défense. Thus, the axis begins and ends with an arch. When the Arc du Carrousel was built, however, an observer in the Place du Carrousel was impeded from any view westward. The central block of the Palais des Tuileries intervened to block the line of sight to the west. When the Tuileries was burned down during the Paris Commune (1871) and its ruins were swept away, the great axis, as it presently exists, was opened all the way to the Place du Carrousel and the Louvre museum.
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is at the eastern end of the so-called Axe historique ("grand historic axis") of Paris, a nine-kilometre-long linear route which dominates much of the northwestern quadrant of the city. It is, in effect, the backbone of the Right Bank.
Looking west, the arch is perfectly aligned with the obelisk in the Place de la Concorde, the centerline of the grand boulevard Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe at the Place de l'Étoile, and, although it is not directly visible from the Place du Carrousel, the Grande Arche de la Défense. Thus, the axis begins and ends with an arch. When the Arc du Carrousel was built, however, an observer in the Place du Carrousel was impeded from any view westward. The central block of the Palais des Tuileries intervened to block the line of sight to the west. When the Tuileries was burned down during the Paris Commune (1871) and its ruins were swept away, the great axis, as it presently exists, was opened all the way to the Place du Carrousel and the Louvre museum.