CARANX LUGUBRIS - (POEY, 1860)
Picture courtesy of: Alain Daoulas
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Carangiformes (Order) > Carangoidei (Suborder) > Carangidae (Family) > Caranginae (Subfamily) > Caranx (Genus)
Carangue noire, Black trevally, Black jack, Swart koningvis, Schwarze makrele, Jurel negro, Xaréu preto, Xaréu branco, Pargo ferreiro, Kappore, カッポレ, 甘仔, 黑体鲹,
Biology
Last update: 5, March 2022
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Carangiformes (Order) > Carangoidei (Suborder) > Carangidae (Family) > Caranginae (Subfamily) > Caranx (Genus)
Carangue noire, Black trevally, Black jack, Swart koningvis, Schwarze makrele, Jurel negro, Xaréu preto, Xaréu branco, Pargo ferreiro, Kappore, カッポレ, 甘仔, 黑体鲹,
Synonymes
Caranx ascensionis (Cuvier, 1833)
Caranx frontalis (Poey, 1860)
Caranx ishikawai (Wakiya, 1924)
Caranx tenebrosus (Jordan, Evermann & Wakiya, 1927)
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-22; Anal spines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16-19; Pectoral fin rays: 21; Curved lateral line scales: 50; Straight lateral line scales: 34 all scales; Vertebrae: 10 + 14; Gill rakers: 6-8 + 17-22. Snout obtuse, longer than eye diameter. Anterior lateral line strongly curved, becoming straight below 3rd-4th rays of second dorsal fin. Body oblong and compressed, dorsal profile strongly convex anteriorly, ventral profile slightly convex; Breast completely scaled. Upper profile of head steep, the anterior part slightly concave; Mouth relatively large, the maxilla nearly reaching center of eye. Adipose eyelid moderately developed, small anteriorly extending forward to rear half of pupil on posterior part of eye. Max. length: 100.0 cm TL, common length: 70.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 17.9 kg. Depth range: 3 - 380 m, usually: 24 - 65 m.
Caranx ascensionis (Cuvier, 1833)
Caranx frontalis (Poey, 1860)
Caranx ishikawai (Wakiya, 1924)
Caranx tenebrosus (Jordan, Evermann & Wakiya, 1927)
--------------------------
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-22; Anal spines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16-19; Pectoral fin rays: 21; Curved lateral line scales: 50; Straight lateral line scales: 34 all scales; Vertebrae: 10 + 14; Gill rakers: 6-8 + 17-22. Snout obtuse, longer than eye diameter. Anterior lateral line strongly curved, becoming straight below 3rd-4th rays of second dorsal fin. Body oblong and compressed, dorsal profile strongly convex anteriorly, ventral profile slightly convex; Breast completely scaled. Upper profile of head steep, the anterior part slightly concave; Mouth relatively large, the maxilla nearly reaching center of eye. Adipose eyelid moderately developed, small anteriorly extending forward to rear half of pupil on posterior part of eye. Max. length: 100.0 cm TL, common length: 70.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 17.9 kg. Depth range: 3 - 380 m, usually: 24 - 65 m.
Color
Brownish to greyish body with a black spot on the upper margin of the gill cover, and black scutes along the rear of the body.
Etymology
Caranx: from French, caranx = carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish. Philibert Commerson (1727-1773) was a French explorer and naturalist, he says he derived the name caranx from the Greek word meaning head, and justifies this etymology, because these fishes, according to him, prevail by the head (quia capite prœvalent), and because the saurel (se. trachurus) exerts a kind of tyranny on the fishes of the coasts (principatum et tyrannidem exercet inter littorales pisces). These are singular reasons, and one has all the more reason to be surprised that a man such as Commerson had recourse to them, as he had certainly not been looking for his name so far. More than a century before him, the French colonists of the West Indies called the species of this kind that they caught on their coasts carangue: We can be sure of this by the testimony of Dutertre, Rochefort, Plumier and Labat; And as there is no appearance that the first and ignorant inhabitants of our islands had the idea of making up a Greek name for an American fish, there is every reason to believe that they simply corrupted into carangue the name of acarauna, used in Brazil and among the Spanish and Portuguese colonists for several chetodons and other very compressed fish. The name of carangue is nowadays general among our French sailors for fishes of the present kind that are caught in the torrid zone, and especially for those of a high shape; And Commerson himself tells us that no other name is used at Isle-de-France. It even seems, according to Duhamel, that this name was brought to Europe by sailors, and that in some places of our coasts it is given to the ordinary saurel; Finally, Barbot already has it, and disguises it as corango. Histoire naturelle des poissons par Mr Georges Cuvier et par Mr Valenciennes Tome neuvième, 1833.
lugubris: from Latin, lūgeō = of or pertaining to mourning. Referring to its dark coloration; Jordan & Evermann (1896) claim name also refers to its “bad reputation, associated with the dread Ciguatera, a disease arising from fish poisoning,” but Poey did not mention this (in fact, Poey said he had eaten this fish and found it “very good”).
Original description: Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 - Type locality: Cuba, western Atlantic.
Distribution
Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, South China Sea, east China Sea, southern Sea of Japan, southern Gulf of California/Mexico).
Brownish to greyish body with a black spot on the upper margin of the gill cover, and black scutes along the rear of the body.
Etymology
Caranx: from French, caranx = carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish. Philibert Commerson (1727-1773) was a French explorer and naturalist, he says he derived the name caranx from the Greek word meaning head, and justifies this etymology, because these fishes, according to him, prevail by the head (quia capite prœvalent), and because the saurel (se. trachurus) exerts a kind of tyranny on the fishes of the coasts (principatum et tyrannidem exercet inter littorales pisces). These are singular reasons, and one has all the more reason to be surprised that a man such as Commerson had recourse to them, as he had certainly not been looking for his name so far. More than a century before him, the French colonists of the West Indies called the species of this kind that they caught on their coasts carangue: We can be sure of this by the testimony of Dutertre, Rochefort, Plumier and Labat; And as there is no appearance that the first and ignorant inhabitants of our islands had the idea of making up a Greek name for an American fish, there is every reason to believe that they simply corrupted into carangue the name of acarauna, used in Brazil and among the Spanish and Portuguese colonists for several chetodons and other very compressed fish. The name of carangue is nowadays general among our French sailors for fishes of the present kind that are caught in the torrid zone, and especially for those of a high shape; And Commerson himself tells us that no other name is used at Isle-de-France. It even seems, according to Duhamel, that this name was brought to Europe by sailors, and that in some places of our coasts it is given to the ordinary saurel; Finally, Barbot already has it, and disguises it as corango. Histoire naturelle des poissons par Mr Georges Cuvier et par Mr Valenciennes Tome neuvième, 1833.
lugubris: from Latin, lūgeō = of or pertaining to mourning. Referring to its dark coloration; Jordan & Evermann (1896) claim name also refers to its “bad reputation, associated with the dread Ciguatera, a disease arising from fish poisoning,” but Poey did not mention this (in fact, Poey said he had eaten this fish and found it “very good”).
Original description: Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 - Type locality: Cuba, western Atlantic.
Distribution
Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, South China Sea, east China Sea, southern Sea of Japan, southern Gulf of California/Mexico).
Biology
An oceanic and insular species, very much restricted to clear oceanic waters. Not commonly found in shallow banks. Sometimes seen near drop-off at outer edge of reefs. Occasionally forming schools. A large predator on outer reefs. Feeds on fishes. Eggs are pelagic. Of minor commercial value throughout its range, and taken mostly on hook-and-line. Marketed mainly fresh, also dried or salted. Reports of ciguatera poisoning. Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Last update: 5, March 2022