ECLIPSE SOLAIRE 14 NOVEMBRE 2012
Cette photographie de l'éclipse a été prise avec un Canon 5D mark II et un zoom Canon 28-300 L IS USM. Ce jour là, quand la lune a occulté au maximum le soleil, des nuages se sont formés. Par chance un nuage pas trop épais m'a permis de saisir cette image sans protection.
Le 13 novembre 2012 (UTC), le Soleil a été complètement occultée par la Lune. L'ombre, c'est-à-dire la zone étroite où le Soleil disparaît complètement, a pu être observée en Australie, dans le Nord du Queensland et des Territoires du Nord, ainsi qu'en plein océan Pacifique par quelques navigateurs aventureux.
L'île du Pacifique où l'occultation a été quasiment complète est Norfolk avec 98%. Avec l'extrême Nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande et l'île de Robinson Crusoé, la Nouvelle-Calédonie fait partie des territoires privilégiés puisqu'on a pu observer l'astre solaire masqué à hauteur de 90%.
C'est le 14 novembre 2012 une dizaine de minutes avant 7 heures (heure locale) que les Calédoniens ont vu la Lune commencer à passer devant le Soleil. Environ une heure après, aux alentours de 7 h 55 min, l'occultation a atteint son paroxysme (90%). A partir de cet instant, la Lune a commencé à s'effacer pour complètement disparaître du disque solaire vers 9 h 05 min.
Les instruments de mesure ont enregistré de nombreux changements dans l'évolution des paramètres atmosphériques. Le plus notable d'entre-eux est un refroidissement sensible. C'est sur l'ouest de la Grande Terre, notamment à l'aéroport de La Tontouta, que le ciel était le plus propice à l'observation de l'éclipse, à peine quelques nuages cumuliformes. Non loin des pistes, les météorologues ont installé des capteurs pour mesurer en continue la température, le vent, la pression atmosphérique, l'humidité, du rayonnement solaire global, etc. et ainsi participer à la sécurité des vols commerciaux.
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A total solar eclipse took place on 13–14 November 2012 (UTC). Because it crossed the International Date Line it began in local time on November 14 west of the date line over northern Australia, and ended in local time on November 13 east of the date line near the west coast of South America. Its greatest magnitude was 1.0500, occurring only 12 hours before perigee, with greatest eclipse totality lasting just over four minutes. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across the surface of the Earth, while a partial solar eclipse will be visible over a region thousands of kilometres wide.
Visibility
For this eclipse, totality was visible from northern Australia to about 4° north of the Chilean Juan Fernández Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean where totality ended. The most populous city to experience totality was Cairns, which had 2 minutes of totality an hour after daybreak (06:39 AEST, 20:39 UTC) with the sun at an altitude of 14°. Norfolk Island, a small Pacific island east of Australia, experienced a partial eclipse with a maximum of 98% of the sun obscured at 09:37 NFT and an altitude of 42°. New Zealand experienced a partial eclipse. Auckland had 87.0% of the sun obscured, whereas Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin respectively had 76.4%, 68.9% and 61.5% of the sun obscured. Maximum eclipse over New Zealand occurred around 10:30 NZDT (21:30 UTC), with Auckland at 10:28, Wellington at 10:34, Christchurch at 10:35 and Dunedin at 10:36. Most of Chile and parts of Argentina saw a partial eclipse at sunset. In some places over half the sun was obscured. In Chile, Valdivia in Los Ríos saw 63% obscured, Quellón in Los Lagos saw 54% obscured. Chilean coastal locations were ideally situated to observe an eclipsing sunset over the Pacific Ocean. Points further north, up to about La Serena, saw the eclipse begin as the sun was setting. West of the International Date Line the eclipse took place on the morning of November 14. The maximum eclipse totality, of duration 4 min 2 sec, occurred east of the International Date Line on November 13, approximately 2000 km east of New Zealand, and 9600 km west of Chile. On the morning of November 14, skies in Auckland were cloudy, obscuring much of the eclipse, which peaked at 10:28 NZDT.
For this eclipse, totality was visible from northern Australia to about 4° north of the Chilean Juan Fernández Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean where totality ended. The most populous city to experience totality was Cairns, which had 2 minutes of totality an hour after daybreak (06:39 AEST, 20:39 UTC) with the sun at an altitude of 14°. Norfolk Island, a small Pacific island east of Australia, experienced a partial eclipse with a maximum of 98% of the sun obscured at 09:37 NFT and an altitude of 42°. New Zealand experienced a partial eclipse. Auckland had 87.0% of the sun obscured, whereas Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin respectively had 76.4%, 68.9% and 61.5% of the sun obscured. Maximum eclipse over New Zealand occurred around 10:30 NZDT (21:30 UTC), with Auckland at 10:28, Wellington at 10:34, Christchurch at 10:35 and Dunedin at 10:36. Most of Chile and parts of Argentina saw a partial eclipse at sunset. In some places over half the sun was obscured. In Chile, Valdivia in Los Ríos saw 63% obscured, Quellón in Los Lagos saw 54% obscured. Chilean coastal locations were ideally situated to observe an eclipsing sunset over the Pacific Ocean. Points further north, up to about La Serena, saw the eclipse begin as the sun was setting. West of the International Date Line the eclipse took place on the morning of November 14. The maximum eclipse totality, of duration 4 min 2 sec, occurred east of the International Date Line on November 13, approximately 2000 km east of New Zealand, and 9600 km west of Chile. On the morning of November 14, skies in Auckland were cloudy, obscuring much of the eclipse, which peaked at 10:28 NZDT.