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Shinjuku (新宿区, Shinjuku-ku) est l'un des 23 arrondissements spéciaux (区, ku) fondés en 1947 en remplacement de la municipalité de Tokyo.
En 2008, sa population était de 313 806 personnes pour une superficie de 18,23 km2. C'est là que se trouve le gouvernement de la préfecture de Tokyo. Shinjuku est l'arrondissement de Tokyo comptant le plus grand nombre d'étrangers. Au 1er octobre 2005, on en comptait 29 353 de 107 nationalités différentes. Il s'agit d'abord de ressortissants de Corée (du Nord et du Sud) de Chine, de France, du Myanmar, et des Philippines. De façon plus restreinte, Shinjuku est un quartier situé autour de la gare de Shinjuku. C'est l'un des quartiers les plus animés de Tokyo, mais aussi un haut lieu des affaires abritant le siège de nombreuses grandes sociétés. Parmi les grands magasins du Japon (Isetan, Keiō, Odakyu, Marui, Mitsukoshi, Seibu, Takashimaya et Tōkyū) sont là. On y trouve aussi des cinémas, restaurants, bars, et des hôtels internationaux.
Les arrondissements limitrophes de Shinjuku sont : Chiyoda à l'est ; Bunkyō et Toshima au nord ; Nakano à l'ouest, et Shibuya et Minato au sud. Nerima se situe à une centaine de mètres. Le point culminant de Shinjuku est la colline de Hakone, 44,6 m, dans le parc Toyama à l'est des stations de Takadanobaba et de Shin-Okubo. Le point le plus bas est 4,2 m près d'Iidabashi. À l'ouest de la gare se trouve Nishi-shinjuku (Shinjuku ouest), où se situe le gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo (東京都庁舎, Tokyo-to Chōsha, abrégé en Tōchō, la "mairie" centrale). Le bâtiment de la mairie, commencé en 1988 et achevé en 1991, formé de deux tours jumelles de 48 étages, était le plus haut de la ville (242,9 mètres) jusqu'en 2006. Il a été conçu par l'architecte Kenzo Tange et l'accès aux deux tours est libre et gratuit. L'observatoire, à 202 mètres, permet de découvrir de très belles vues d'ensemble de l'Est de Tokyo et aussi le sud-ouest, vers le Mont Fuji (quand la météo le permet). Les environs de la mairie sont composés essentiellement de gratte-ciel, comme la Shinjuku Park Tower ou la tour Tōkyō Opera City.
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Shinjuku (新宿区 Shinjuku-ku, "New Lodge") is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the busiest train station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the government of Tokyo. As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 312,418 and a population density of 17,140 people per km². The total area is 18.23 km². Surrounding Shinjuku are six other wards: Chiyoda to the east; Bunkyo and Toshima to the north; Nakano to the west, and Shibuya and Minato to the south. Shinjuku is a major urban transit hub. Shinjuku Station sees an estimated 3.64 million passengers pass through each day, making it the busiest station in the world. It houses interchanges to three subway lines and three privately owned commuter lines, as well as several JR lines.
History
In 1634, during the Edo period, as the outer moat of the Edo Castle was built, a number of temples and shrines moved to the Yotsuya area on the western edge of Shinjuku. In 1698, Naitō-Shinjuku had developed as a new (shin) station (shuku or juku) on the Kōshū Kaidō, one of the major highways of that era. Naitō was the family name of a daimyo whose mansion stood in the area; his land is now a public park, the Shinjuku Gyoen. In 1920, the town of Naitō-Shinjuku, which comprised large parts of present-day Shinjuku, parts of Nishi-Shinjuku and Kabukichō was integrated into Tokyo City. Shinjuku began to develop into its current form after the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, since the seismically stable area largely escaped the devastation. Consequently, West Shinjuku is one of the few areas in Tokyo with many skyscrapers. The Tokyo air raids from May to August 1945 destroyed almost 90% of the buildings in the area in and around Shinjuku Station. The pre-war form of Shinjuku, and the rest of Tokyo, for that matter, was retained after the war because the roads and rails, damaged as they were, remained, and these formed the heart of the Shinjuku in the post-war construction. Only in Kabuki-cho was a grand reconstruction plan put into action. The present ward was established on March 15, 1947 with the merger of the former wards of Yotsuya, Ushigome, and Yodobashi. It served as part of the athletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1991, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government moved from the Marunouchi district of Chiyoda to the current building in Shinjuku. (The Tokyo International Forum stands on the former site vacated by the government).
En 2008, sa population était de 313 806 personnes pour une superficie de 18,23 km2. C'est là que se trouve le gouvernement de la préfecture de Tokyo. Shinjuku est l'arrondissement de Tokyo comptant le plus grand nombre d'étrangers. Au 1er octobre 2005, on en comptait 29 353 de 107 nationalités différentes. Il s'agit d'abord de ressortissants de Corée (du Nord et du Sud) de Chine, de France, du Myanmar, et des Philippines. De façon plus restreinte, Shinjuku est un quartier situé autour de la gare de Shinjuku. C'est l'un des quartiers les plus animés de Tokyo, mais aussi un haut lieu des affaires abritant le siège de nombreuses grandes sociétés. Parmi les grands magasins du Japon (Isetan, Keiō, Odakyu, Marui, Mitsukoshi, Seibu, Takashimaya et Tōkyū) sont là. On y trouve aussi des cinémas, restaurants, bars, et des hôtels internationaux.
Les arrondissements limitrophes de Shinjuku sont : Chiyoda à l'est ; Bunkyō et Toshima au nord ; Nakano à l'ouest, et Shibuya et Minato au sud. Nerima se situe à une centaine de mètres. Le point culminant de Shinjuku est la colline de Hakone, 44,6 m, dans le parc Toyama à l'est des stations de Takadanobaba et de Shin-Okubo. Le point le plus bas est 4,2 m près d'Iidabashi. À l'ouest de la gare se trouve Nishi-shinjuku (Shinjuku ouest), où se situe le gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo (東京都庁舎, Tokyo-to Chōsha, abrégé en Tōchō, la "mairie" centrale). Le bâtiment de la mairie, commencé en 1988 et achevé en 1991, formé de deux tours jumelles de 48 étages, était le plus haut de la ville (242,9 mètres) jusqu'en 2006. Il a été conçu par l'architecte Kenzo Tange et l'accès aux deux tours est libre et gratuit. L'observatoire, à 202 mètres, permet de découvrir de très belles vues d'ensemble de l'Est de Tokyo et aussi le sud-ouest, vers le Mont Fuji (quand la météo le permet). Les environs de la mairie sont composés essentiellement de gratte-ciel, comme la Shinjuku Park Tower ou la tour Tōkyō Opera City.
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Shinjuku (新宿区 Shinjuku-ku, "New Lodge") is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the busiest train station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the government of Tokyo. As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 312,418 and a population density of 17,140 people per km². The total area is 18.23 km². Surrounding Shinjuku are six other wards: Chiyoda to the east; Bunkyo and Toshima to the north; Nakano to the west, and Shibuya and Minato to the south. Shinjuku is a major urban transit hub. Shinjuku Station sees an estimated 3.64 million passengers pass through each day, making it the busiest station in the world. It houses interchanges to three subway lines and three privately owned commuter lines, as well as several JR lines.
History
In 1634, during the Edo period, as the outer moat of the Edo Castle was built, a number of temples and shrines moved to the Yotsuya area on the western edge of Shinjuku. In 1698, Naitō-Shinjuku had developed as a new (shin) station (shuku or juku) on the Kōshū Kaidō, one of the major highways of that era. Naitō was the family name of a daimyo whose mansion stood in the area; his land is now a public park, the Shinjuku Gyoen. In 1920, the town of Naitō-Shinjuku, which comprised large parts of present-day Shinjuku, parts of Nishi-Shinjuku and Kabukichō was integrated into Tokyo City. Shinjuku began to develop into its current form after the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, since the seismically stable area largely escaped the devastation. Consequently, West Shinjuku is one of the few areas in Tokyo with many skyscrapers. The Tokyo air raids from May to August 1945 destroyed almost 90% of the buildings in the area in and around Shinjuku Station. The pre-war form of Shinjuku, and the rest of Tokyo, for that matter, was retained after the war because the roads and rails, damaged as they were, remained, and these formed the heart of the Shinjuku in the post-war construction. Only in Kabuki-cho was a grand reconstruction plan put into action. The present ward was established on March 15, 1947 with the merger of the former wards of Yotsuya, Ushigome, and Yodobashi. It served as part of the athletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1991, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government moved from the Marunouchi district of Chiyoda to the current building in Shinjuku. (The Tokyo International Forum stands on the former site vacated by the government).