PYRONOTANTHIAS TIMANOA - (VICTOR, TEITELBAUM & RANDALL, 2020)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Perciformes (Order) > Percoidei (Suborder) > Anthiadidae (Family) > Pyronotanthias (Genus)
Anthias lever de soleil, Sunrise Anthias, Sanraizu antiasu, サンライズアンティアス,
Synonyme
Pseudanthias timanoa (Victor, Teitelbaum & Randall 2020)
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-16 (usually: 16); Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7, all dorsal fin and anal fin rays branched, last sometimes to base; Pectoral fin rays: 18-19 (usually: 19), about two upper and lower rays unbranched; Pelvic fin rays: I, 5; Principal caudal fin rays: 8 + 7, middle: 13 branched; Pored lateral line scales: 48-54 (usually: 50-51); Scales above first lateral line scale to base of second dorsal fin spine: 4 1/2; Scales above lateral line apex to base of middle dorsal fin spines: 3 1/2; Scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin about: 15; Circumpeduncular scales about: 26; Gill rakers: 9-11 + 24-27 (usually: 10 + 26); Branchiostegal rays: 7. Body elongate, body depth: 3.2-4.0 (usually: 3.4) in SL; Larger males relatively stout, body width: 1.7-2.4 (usually: 1.8) in Body Depth; Head length: 3.2-3.9 (usually: 3.5) in SL; Snout very short, length: 4.2-6.7 (4.0) in HL; Mouth moderately large, the maxilla reaching to below posterior half of eye. Gill rakers long and slender, well longer than gill filaments midway, and about 3/4 orbit diameter. Opercle with three flat spines, upper a slightly rounded projection, middle larger and pointed, third much smaller and pointed (sometimes not externally visible); Preopercle: 22-34 (usually: 33) fine serrae, more numerous with size, progressively larger ventrally, none below angle; Subopercle and interopercle without serrae. Head and body fully scaled with ctenoid scales except lips and front of snout around nares; No scales on spinous portion of dorsal and anal fins, but one to several rows of small scales along base of soft portions. Caudal fin deeply lunate with trailing filaments on mature males (eroded away on aquarium specimens), length as measured on mostly intact types: 2.1-4.0 (usually: 2.4) in SL, caudal concavity on non-eroded males as wide as 3.1 in SL. Max. length: 7.8 cm SL. Depth range: 10-100 m, usually: 50-90 m.
Color
Head and body mainly reddish pink, but can blanch to white on lower half of head and body and/or develop a yellowish head; Upper body with a series of 7 reddish to orange bars (posterior three bars more orange), from below dorsal fin origin to below rear end of soft dorsal fin, followed by a deeper-red, roughly rectangular saddle occupying upper two-thirds of caudal peduncle; Freshly dead individuals can develop a red wash obscuring bars and saddle; Rows of opalescent yellow spots on sides, about one per scale; Upper part of head variably yellowish, upper lip yellow, often yellowish forehead and band from upper eye towards dorsal-fin origin; Iris bright yellow with purple bands on upper and lower portions; Dorsal fin and anal fin membranes with a fine, reticulated matrix of small, round, yellow spots with a thin purple and yellow edging along rim; Caudal fin reddish to yellowish with a purplish band along upper and lower margins; Pelvic fins translucent to yellow; Pectoral fins translucent.
Etymology
Pyronotanthias: from Greek, pyr, - pyro = fire + from Greek, notum = back. Referring to characteristic red blotches or stripes on upper caudal peduncle and beneath posterior part of dorsal fin of all included species + from Greek, anthias = a name of an unknow fish given by Aristotle in "History of Animals". This book, written in the fourth century BC, is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who had studied at Plato's Academy in Athens.
timanoa: a euphonious amalgamation of the second author’s three children’s names: Timothée, Maëlle, and Noa.
Original description: Pseudanthias timanoa Victor, Teitelbaum & Randall, 2020 - Type locality: New Caledonia, Grand Terre, Mbere Reef, -22.3526°, 166.2362°, Antoine Teitelbaum, 1 December 2013.
Distribution
Southwest Pacific: Grande Terre (New Caledonia) endemic.
Biology
Inhabits coral rubble along steep drop-offs or channel walls.
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-16 (usually: 16); Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7, all dorsal fin and anal fin rays branched, last sometimes to base; Pectoral fin rays: 18-19 (usually: 19), about two upper and lower rays unbranched; Pelvic fin rays: I, 5; Principal caudal fin rays: 8 + 7, middle: 13 branched; Pored lateral line scales: 48-54 (usually: 50-51); Scales above first lateral line scale to base of second dorsal fin spine: 4 1/2; Scales above lateral line apex to base of middle dorsal fin spines: 3 1/2; Scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin about: 15; Circumpeduncular scales about: 26; Gill rakers: 9-11 + 24-27 (usually: 10 + 26); Branchiostegal rays: 7. Body elongate, body depth: 3.2-4.0 (usually: 3.4) in SL; Larger males relatively stout, body width: 1.7-2.4 (usually: 1.8) in Body Depth; Head length: 3.2-3.9 (usually: 3.5) in SL; Snout very short, length: 4.2-6.7 (4.0) in HL; Mouth moderately large, the maxilla reaching to below posterior half of eye. Gill rakers long and slender, well longer than gill filaments midway, and about 3/4 orbit diameter. Opercle with three flat spines, upper a slightly rounded projection, middle larger and pointed, third much smaller and pointed (sometimes not externally visible); Preopercle: 22-34 (usually: 33) fine serrae, more numerous with size, progressively larger ventrally, none below angle; Subopercle and interopercle without serrae. Head and body fully scaled with ctenoid scales except lips and front of snout around nares; No scales on spinous portion of dorsal and anal fins, but one to several rows of small scales along base of soft portions. Caudal fin deeply lunate with trailing filaments on mature males (eroded away on aquarium specimens), length as measured on mostly intact types: 2.1-4.0 (usually: 2.4) in SL, caudal concavity on non-eroded males as wide as 3.1 in SL. Max. length: 7.8 cm SL. Depth range: 10-100 m, usually: 50-90 m.
Color
Head and body mainly reddish pink, but can blanch to white on lower half of head and body and/or develop a yellowish head; Upper body with a series of 7 reddish to orange bars (posterior three bars more orange), from below dorsal fin origin to below rear end of soft dorsal fin, followed by a deeper-red, roughly rectangular saddle occupying upper two-thirds of caudal peduncle; Freshly dead individuals can develop a red wash obscuring bars and saddle; Rows of opalescent yellow spots on sides, about one per scale; Upper part of head variably yellowish, upper lip yellow, often yellowish forehead and band from upper eye towards dorsal-fin origin; Iris bright yellow with purple bands on upper and lower portions; Dorsal fin and anal fin membranes with a fine, reticulated matrix of small, round, yellow spots with a thin purple and yellow edging along rim; Caudal fin reddish to yellowish with a purplish band along upper and lower margins; Pelvic fins translucent to yellow; Pectoral fins translucent.
Etymology
Pyronotanthias: from Greek, pyr, - pyro = fire + from Greek, notum = back. Referring to characteristic red blotches or stripes on upper caudal peduncle and beneath posterior part of dorsal fin of all included species + from Greek, anthias = a name of an unknow fish given by Aristotle in "History of Animals". This book, written in the fourth century BC, is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who had studied at Plato's Academy in Athens.
timanoa: a euphonious amalgamation of the second author’s three children’s names: Timothée, Maëlle, and Noa.
Original description: Pseudanthias timanoa Victor, Teitelbaum & Randall, 2020 - Type locality: New Caledonia, Grand Terre, Mbere Reef, -22.3526°, 166.2362°, Antoine Teitelbaum, 1 December 2013.
Distribution
Southwest Pacific: Grande Terre (New Caledonia) endemic.
Biology
Inhabits coral rubble along steep drop-offs or channel walls.
Similar species
Pyronotanthias aurulentus (Randall & McCosker, 1982) - Reported from Western and central Pacific: Coral Sea (Australia); Line Islands (Kiribati).
Pyronotanthias aurulentus (Randall & McCosker, 1982) - Reported from Western and central Pacific: Coral Sea (Australia); Line Islands (Kiribati).
Pyronotanthias flavoguttatus (Katayama & Masuda, 1980) - Reported from Indo-West Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Indonesia, Palau, Philippines, Marshall and Mariana Islands and to Japan.
Pyronotanthias lori (Lubbock & Randall, 1976) - Reported from New Caledonia - Link to the species (here).
Last update: 12, September 2024