SCARUS LONGIPINNIS - (RANDALL & CHOAT, 1980)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Labriformes (Order) > Labroidei (Suborder) > Labridae (Family) > Scarus (Genus)
Perroquet à dorsale haute, Highfin parrotfish, Segelflossen-Papageifisch, 長翅鸚嘴魚,
Etymologie
Scarus : du Latin, scarus = scare, ou poisson de mer (scare est le nom vernaculaire générique des poissons-perroquets). Le mot latin est dérivé du Grec, skaros, de même sens. Les Grecs connaissaient cette famille à travers Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), présent sur leurs côtes, Aristote en décrit les viscères. Le genre a été décrit la première fois par Pehr Forsskål en 1775.
longipinnis : du Latin, longus = long, large + du Latin, pinna = nageoire. En référence à sa nageoire dorsale très haute.
Description originale : Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat, 1980 - Localité type : îles Pitcairn, Pacifique Sud, 18 m de profondeur.
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9; Median predorsal scales: 4 (usually: 3), subequal; Three rows of scales on cheek, upper row with 5-7 scales, middle row with 5-7 scales, lower row with 1-3 (usually: 2) scales; Pectoral fin rays: 14; Mouth nearly terminal, lips covering the dental plates, adults with 1-2 canines on upper dental plates; Body deeper than average for the genus with depth about 2.5 in SL; Dorsal fin elevated, longest dorsal ray: 1.7-2.1 in head; Pelvic fins long for genus, longest ray in adults: 1.2-1.5 in head; Caudal fin rounded in juveniles, slightly emarginate to very lunate in adults. Max. length: 40.0 cm TL; Commonly: 30.0 cm TL. Depth range: 2 - 69 m.
Color
Initial Phase: yellowish brown shading to light reddish brown ventrally; Three bluish stripes on thorax and abdomen; Posterior region of body with five dusky bars which vary in intensity, first at level of pectoral tips, last on base of caudal peduncle; Body between first dusky bar and operculum paler; Bluish bar crossing cheek diagonally from lower margin of orbit to posterior opercular margin, faint dusky bar above this, bluish spot on snout below nostrils; Slender anterior projection of this spot reaching upper lip, bluish band arching downward behind moutn, running posteriorly along lower edge of operculum, bluish blotch above each eye, iris brownish orange; Occiput brownish, upper and lower lips brownish red; Dorsal fin yellow-brown anteriorly with narrow blue-grey edge, becoming darker posteriorly, in larger specimens purple area basally on each interradial membrane posterior to 7th spine; Anal fin with outer third green, basal two thirds orangebrown with greenish spot at base behind each ray; Caudal fin brownish orange with median posterior crescent of yellow~green, extreme posterior margin dusky; Pectoral fins light yellow with greenish bar at base; Pelvic fins light reddish with light blue lateral edge. Viewed underwater initial phase individuals give impression of dark brown posterior body with faint dusky bars, pale anterior body region, lateral and ventral regions of head lighter with bluish lines of head discernable, and the posterior margin of caudal fin abruptly yellowish. In smaller specimens, bluish head lines appear dusky.
Terminal Phase: body orange-brown, body scales with vertical green bar; Five green bars on body, first beneath base of 6th dorsal spine, 4th at rear base of dorsal fin, last on caudal peduncle, curved 6th green bar on scaled base of caudal fin; First green bar of body continuous with band of green two scale rows in width on back passing to nape; Two green stripes ventrally on body and a third on the lower abdomen; Dark green band passing from upper interorbital to front of eye where briefly interrupted, thence to corner of mouth where a branch extends on to upper lip and a broader lower branch on to chin; Lower part of head greenish, cheeks orangebrown; Dark green band from lower edge of eye to upper pectoral base and another more diffuse one above it from centre of eye, broadening over upper opercle, lower lip with green line; Dorsal fin yellowish red anteriorly, edged in blue, first interspinous membrane darker, fin becoming broadly yellowish green on outer part and purplish in lower portion posterior to 7th dorsal spine; Anal fin with broad outer margin of blue, middle pinkish zone and basal zone of greenish spots, one on each interradial membrane; Unscaled part of caudal fin pinkish across base and on to lobes, edges of lobes dark green, posterior central region of fin yellow-green with dark green edges; Pectoral fins light orange-yellow, becoming green and lavender at base; Pelvic fins greenish yellow with broad blue lateral edge. Underwater, orange areas of head and body may appear pinkish or lavender, contrasting strongly with the green bars. On preservation, green cheek bar remains as dusky line after most other markings have faded.
Etymology
Scarus: from Latin, scarus = scare, or sea fish (scare is the generic vernacular name for parrot-fishes). The Latin word is derived from Greek, skaros, same meaning as Latin word. The Greek knew this family throug Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), reported from their coasts, Aristote described the viscus. The genus has been described for the first time by Pehr Forsskål in 1775.
longipinnis: from Latin, longus = long + Latin, pinna = feather, fin, wing. This parrotfish is named longipinnis in reference to its elevated dorsal fin and long pelvic fins (dorsal fin higher and pelvics longer in males than females). It appears to be unique in both these characters among the scarid fishes. The caudal lobes of the males may be very long, but this is also commonly seen on large terminal males of a number of other scarids.
Original description: Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat, 1980 - Type locality: west side off Christian's Point, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific, depth 18 meters.
Distribution
Southern Pacific: southern Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, to Rapa, Pitcairn and Austral Island.
Biology
Inhabits clear outer slopes and atoll reefs. A small Scarus that forms small haremic groups. It is a fast growing species with high turn over rates. The maximum age recorded was 5-7 years.
Perroquet à dorsale haute, Highfin parrotfish, Segelflossen-Papageifisch, 長翅鸚嘴魚,
Etymologie
Scarus : du Latin, scarus = scare, ou poisson de mer (scare est le nom vernaculaire générique des poissons-perroquets). Le mot latin est dérivé du Grec, skaros, de même sens. Les Grecs connaissaient cette famille à travers Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), présent sur leurs côtes, Aristote en décrit les viscères. Le genre a été décrit la première fois par Pehr Forsskål en 1775.
longipinnis : du Latin, longus = long, large + du Latin, pinna = nageoire. En référence à sa nageoire dorsale très haute.
Description originale : Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat, 1980 - Localité type : îles Pitcairn, Pacifique Sud, 18 m de profondeur.
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9; Median predorsal scales: 4 (usually: 3), subequal; Three rows of scales on cheek, upper row with 5-7 scales, middle row with 5-7 scales, lower row with 1-3 (usually: 2) scales; Pectoral fin rays: 14; Mouth nearly terminal, lips covering the dental plates, adults with 1-2 canines on upper dental plates; Body deeper than average for the genus with depth about 2.5 in SL; Dorsal fin elevated, longest dorsal ray: 1.7-2.1 in head; Pelvic fins long for genus, longest ray in adults: 1.2-1.5 in head; Caudal fin rounded in juveniles, slightly emarginate to very lunate in adults. Max. length: 40.0 cm TL; Commonly: 30.0 cm TL. Depth range: 2 - 69 m.
Color
Initial Phase: yellowish brown shading to light reddish brown ventrally; Three bluish stripes on thorax and abdomen; Posterior region of body with five dusky bars which vary in intensity, first at level of pectoral tips, last on base of caudal peduncle; Body between first dusky bar and operculum paler; Bluish bar crossing cheek diagonally from lower margin of orbit to posterior opercular margin, faint dusky bar above this, bluish spot on snout below nostrils; Slender anterior projection of this spot reaching upper lip, bluish band arching downward behind moutn, running posteriorly along lower edge of operculum, bluish blotch above each eye, iris brownish orange; Occiput brownish, upper and lower lips brownish red; Dorsal fin yellow-brown anteriorly with narrow blue-grey edge, becoming darker posteriorly, in larger specimens purple area basally on each interradial membrane posterior to 7th spine; Anal fin with outer third green, basal two thirds orangebrown with greenish spot at base behind each ray; Caudal fin brownish orange with median posterior crescent of yellow~green, extreme posterior margin dusky; Pectoral fins light yellow with greenish bar at base; Pelvic fins light reddish with light blue lateral edge. Viewed underwater initial phase individuals give impression of dark brown posterior body with faint dusky bars, pale anterior body region, lateral and ventral regions of head lighter with bluish lines of head discernable, and the posterior margin of caudal fin abruptly yellowish. In smaller specimens, bluish head lines appear dusky.
Terminal Phase: body orange-brown, body scales with vertical green bar; Five green bars on body, first beneath base of 6th dorsal spine, 4th at rear base of dorsal fin, last on caudal peduncle, curved 6th green bar on scaled base of caudal fin; First green bar of body continuous with band of green two scale rows in width on back passing to nape; Two green stripes ventrally on body and a third on the lower abdomen; Dark green band passing from upper interorbital to front of eye where briefly interrupted, thence to corner of mouth where a branch extends on to upper lip and a broader lower branch on to chin; Lower part of head greenish, cheeks orangebrown; Dark green band from lower edge of eye to upper pectoral base and another more diffuse one above it from centre of eye, broadening over upper opercle, lower lip with green line; Dorsal fin yellowish red anteriorly, edged in blue, first interspinous membrane darker, fin becoming broadly yellowish green on outer part and purplish in lower portion posterior to 7th dorsal spine; Anal fin with broad outer margin of blue, middle pinkish zone and basal zone of greenish spots, one on each interradial membrane; Unscaled part of caudal fin pinkish across base and on to lobes, edges of lobes dark green, posterior central region of fin yellow-green with dark green edges; Pectoral fins light orange-yellow, becoming green and lavender at base; Pelvic fins greenish yellow with broad blue lateral edge. Underwater, orange areas of head and body may appear pinkish or lavender, contrasting strongly with the green bars. On preservation, green cheek bar remains as dusky line after most other markings have faded.
Etymology
Scarus: from Latin, scarus = scare, or sea fish (scare is the generic vernacular name for parrot-fishes). The Latin word is derived from Greek, skaros, same meaning as Latin word. The Greek knew this family throug Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), reported from their coasts, Aristote described the viscus. The genus has been described for the first time by Pehr Forsskål in 1775.
longipinnis: from Latin, longus = long + Latin, pinna = feather, fin, wing. This parrotfish is named longipinnis in reference to its elevated dorsal fin and long pelvic fins (dorsal fin higher and pelvics longer in males than females). It appears to be unique in both these characters among the scarid fishes. The caudal lobes of the males may be very long, but this is also commonly seen on large terminal males of a number of other scarids.
Original description: Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat, 1980 - Type locality: west side off Christian's Point, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific, depth 18 meters.
Distribution
Southern Pacific: southern Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, to Rapa, Pitcairn and Austral Island.
Biology
Inhabits clear outer slopes and atoll reefs. A small Scarus that forms small haremic groups. It is a fast growing species with high turn over rates. The maximum age recorded was 5-7 years.