PARAPERCIS SNYDERI - (JORDAN & STARKS, 1905)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Labriformes (Order) > Uranoscopoidei (Suborder) > Pinguipedidae (Family) > Parapercis (Genus)
Snyder's grubfish, U-mark sandperch, Kôrai-toragisu,
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-21; Anal spines: 1-16; Anal soft rays: 18. This species is characterized by the following: D V,20-21 (usually 21); A I,16-18; 13-15 (rarely 13, usually 14) pectoral rays; 38-43 lateral-line scales; about 2-4 + 7-10 gill rakers; about 4 predorsal scales; ctenoid scales on cheek, in 4 horizontal rows; front of lower jaw with 8 canine teeth; vomerine teeth a broad chevron-shaped patch; with palatine teeth; upper edge of subopercle with a prominent sharp spine; serrae on opercular bones absent; body depth 4.15-4.75 in SL (21.20-24.1% SL); middle dorsal spine longest; membrane from last dorsal spine joined near base of first soft ray; body gray to reddish dorsally, white below with the edges of scales gray; a series of f5 broadly U-shaped dark brown bars on back, smaller posteriorly, or with a series of 5 double dark brown to black dashes, the anterior 2 with 1 above and 1 below lateral line; a series of 9 spots or short bars on lower side of body that may be blackish, reddish, or dusky yellow; small dark reddish spots, one per scale, often present scattered along side of body and on cheek; presence at side of snout of an iridescent pale blue line, and one beneath eye; lips with large dark blotches; usually presence of a midventral blackish spot on isthmus, often with a smaller black spot to each side anteriorly; edge of chin below lower lip dusky to blackish; spinous portion of dorsal fin may be entirely black, but usually blackish with large pale yellowish blotches in outer part; soft dorsal fin with rows of black to black-edged orange spots, the base of most rays black or with black upper ends of U-shaped marks extending into base of fin; anal fin base with a row of red spots, a red submarginal line, and a small black spot on penultimate membrane about one-third distance to margin; caudal fin with small blackish, dusky orange, or red spots, often with smaller white spots as well. Max length : 11.0 cm TL. Depth range 10 - 40 m.
Etymology
Parapercis: from Greek prefix, para = resembling to + from Greek, perke = perch. Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae.
snyderi: named after John Otterbein Snyder (1867-1943), U.S. ichthyologist.
Distribution
Western Pacific: southern Japan to Queensland, Australia. Reported from New Caledonia.
Biology
Found in silty sand and rubble areas near reefs at depths of 10-40 m. Pelagic spawner.
Similar species
Parapercis lineopunctata (Randall, 2003) - Reported from New Caledonia (Chesterfield Islands) - A black line runs from the front of upper lip to eye, sometimes with 1-3 iridescent pale blue lines on snout and cheek below eye. Max length: 7.4 cm SL. Depth range: 3 - 35 m.
Parapercis binotata (Allen & Erdmann, 2017) - Reported from Solomon Islands - Adult with conspicuous black band on rear edge of cheek and short black band on lower pectoral-fin rays; females with curved black band under eye along lower edge of suborbital.
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-21; Anal spines: 1-16; Anal soft rays: 18. This species is characterized by the following: D V,20-21 (usually 21); A I,16-18; 13-15 (rarely 13, usually 14) pectoral rays; 38-43 lateral-line scales; about 2-4 + 7-10 gill rakers; about 4 predorsal scales; ctenoid scales on cheek, in 4 horizontal rows; front of lower jaw with 8 canine teeth; vomerine teeth a broad chevron-shaped patch; with palatine teeth; upper edge of subopercle with a prominent sharp spine; serrae on opercular bones absent; body depth 4.15-4.75 in SL (21.20-24.1% SL); middle dorsal spine longest; membrane from last dorsal spine joined near base of first soft ray; body gray to reddish dorsally, white below with the edges of scales gray; a series of f5 broadly U-shaped dark brown bars on back, smaller posteriorly, or with a series of 5 double dark brown to black dashes, the anterior 2 with 1 above and 1 below lateral line; a series of 9 spots or short bars on lower side of body that may be blackish, reddish, or dusky yellow; small dark reddish spots, one per scale, often present scattered along side of body and on cheek; presence at side of snout of an iridescent pale blue line, and one beneath eye; lips with large dark blotches; usually presence of a midventral blackish spot on isthmus, often with a smaller black spot to each side anteriorly; edge of chin below lower lip dusky to blackish; spinous portion of dorsal fin may be entirely black, but usually blackish with large pale yellowish blotches in outer part; soft dorsal fin with rows of black to black-edged orange spots, the base of most rays black or with black upper ends of U-shaped marks extending into base of fin; anal fin base with a row of red spots, a red submarginal line, and a small black spot on penultimate membrane about one-third distance to margin; caudal fin with small blackish, dusky orange, or red spots, often with smaller white spots as well. Max length : 11.0 cm TL. Depth range 10 - 40 m.
Etymology
Parapercis: from Greek prefix, para = resembling to + from Greek, perke = perch. Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae.
snyderi: named after John Otterbein Snyder (1867-1943), U.S. ichthyologist.
Distribution
Western Pacific: southern Japan to Queensland, Australia. Reported from New Caledonia.
Biology
Found in silty sand and rubble areas near reefs at depths of 10-40 m. Pelagic spawner.
Similar species
Parapercis lineopunctata (Randall, 2003) - Reported from New Caledonia (Chesterfield Islands) - A black line runs from the front of upper lip to eye, sometimes with 1-3 iridescent pale blue lines on snout and cheek below eye. Max length: 7.4 cm SL. Depth range: 3 - 35 m.
Parapercis binotata (Allen & Erdmann, 2017) - Reported from Solomon Islands - Adult with conspicuous black band on rear edge of cheek and short black band on lower pectoral-fin rays; females with curved black band under eye along lower edge of suborbital.