LETHRINUS MINIATUS - (FORSTER, 1801)
Picture courtesy of: Malcom Francis (Link)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Acanthuriformes (Order) > Lethrinidae (Family) > Lethrininae (Subfamily) > Lethrinus (Genus)
Gueule rouge, Capitaine gueule longue, Redthroat emperor, Island snapper, Lipper, Nannygai, Red-throat, Red-throated emperor, Sweetlip Emperor, Tricky snapper, Trumpet emperor, Trumpeter, Yellow-mouthed perch, Yellow-mouthed snapper, Amami-fuefuki, Kitsune-fuefuki, アマミフエフキ, 尖嘴連尖, 炮彈, 長吻裸頰鯛, Cá Hè mõm dài,
Synonymes
Lethrinella miniata (Forster, 1801)
Lethrinella miniatus (Forster, 1801)
Lethrinus amamianus (Akazaki, 1962)
Lethrinus chrysostomus (Richardson, 1848)
Lethrinus imperialis (De Vis, 1884)
Sparus miniatus (Forster, 1801)
----------------------------
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9, the 3rd dorsal-fin spine usually longest, its length 2.3-2.9 times in body depth; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8, the 1st or 2nd soft ray usually the longest, its length almost equal to or slightly longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.3-1.4 times in length of entire anal fin base; Pectoral fin rays: 13; Lateral line scales: 46-48; 4½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal fin spines; Scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line: 15-17; Body moderately deep, its depth: 2.4-2.8 in Standard Length; Head length: 0.9-1.0 in Body Depth, 2.5-2.9 in SL, dorsal profile near eye slightly convex; Snout moderately long, its length about: 1.7-2.4 in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.9-1.0 in Cheek Height, its dorsal profile slightly concave, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 50° and 65°; Interorbital space convex to flat; Posterior nostril an oblong longitudinal opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; Eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.4-5.4 in HL; Cheek moderately high, its height: 2.0-2.9 in HL; Lateral teeth in jaws conical; Outer surface of maxilla smooth or with a longitudinal ridge; Pelvic fin membranes between rays closest to body usually with dense melanophores; No scales on cheek; Usually 15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 2-7 scales in supratemporal patch; Inner surface of pectoral fins partially or densely covered with scales; Posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Max. length: 90.0 cm TL, common length: 40.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 9.6 kg; Max. reported age: 22 years. Depth range 5 - 30 m.
Color
Body silvery, tan, or yellowish, base of scales often black, often a series of 8-9 dark bars (may be absent in some individuals); Base of pectoral fins red; Sometimes a red streak originating on upper operculum, passing beneath eye and onto snout; Two red spots often on upper rim of eye; Lips reddish; Fins pale or reddish, sometimes brilliant red on membranes near base of pelvic fins, and between spinous rays of dorsal and anal fin.
Etymology
Lethrinus: from Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus (Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)), a Mediterranean fish looking like Lethrinidae family.
miniatus: from Latin, miniatus = bright red or scarlet. Referring to reddish lips and/or brilliant red sometimes present between spinous rays of dorsal fin.
Original description: Sparus miniatus Forster, 1801 - Type localities: Tonga Islands and New Caledonia.
Distribution
Southeastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific: Philippines north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Timor, northern Australia, Norgolk island (Australia) and New Caledonia.
Biology
Juveniles live in shallow, inshore waters such as seagrass and mangrove areas, moving into deeper water as they age. Adults inhabit coral reefs during daytime where they feed occasionally in sand and rubble areas between coral heads. At night, they move out over the sandy sea floor and forage actively. Usually occur in small schools. Feed mainly on crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks and fish, with crabs and sea urchins predominating. Lethrinus miniatus are serial hermaphrodites with a protogynous strategy (i.e, female first, male second). Sexual bimodality was present in both age and lngth frequency distributions (Brown et al 1994). Marketed fresh or frozen. Caught primarily by handline. Occasionally implicated in cases of fish poisoning.
Similar species
Lethrinus olivaceus (Valenciennes, 1830) - Reported from New Caledonia.
Last update: 6, October 2024
Gueule rouge, Capitaine gueule longue, Redthroat emperor, Island snapper, Lipper, Nannygai, Red-throat, Red-throated emperor, Sweetlip Emperor, Tricky snapper, Trumpet emperor, Trumpeter, Yellow-mouthed perch, Yellow-mouthed snapper, Amami-fuefuki, Kitsune-fuefuki, アマミフエフキ, 尖嘴連尖, 炮彈, 長吻裸頰鯛, Cá Hè mõm dài,
Synonymes
Lethrinella miniata (Forster, 1801)
Lethrinella miniatus (Forster, 1801)
Lethrinus amamianus (Akazaki, 1962)
Lethrinus chrysostomus (Richardson, 1848)
Lethrinus imperialis (De Vis, 1884)
Sparus miniatus (Forster, 1801)
----------------------------
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9, the 3rd dorsal-fin spine usually longest, its length 2.3-2.9 times in body depth; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8, the 1st or 2nd soft ray usually the longest, its length almost equal to or slightly longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.3-1.4 times in length of entire anal fin base; Pectoral fin rays: 13; Lateral line scales: 46-48; 4½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal fin spines; Scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line: 15-17; Body moderately deep, its depth: 2.4-2.8 in Standard Length; Head length: 0.9-1.0 in Body Depth, 2.5-2.9 in SL, dorsal profile near eye slightly convex; Snout moderately long, its length about: 1.7-2.4 in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.9-1.0 in Cheek Height, its dorsal profile slightly concave, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 50° and 65°; Interorbital space convex to flat; Posterior nostril an oblong longitudinal opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; Eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.4-5.4 in HL; Cheek moderately high, its height: 2.0-2.9 in HL; Lateral teeth in jaws conical; Outer surface of maxilla smooth or with a longitudinal ridge; Pelvic fin membranes between rays closest to body usually with dense melanophores; No scales on cheek; Usually 15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 2-7 scales in supratemporal patch; Inner surface of pectoral fins partially or densely covered with scales; Posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Max. length: 90.0 cm TL, common length: 40.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 9.6 kg; Max. reported age: 22 years. Depth range 5 - 30 m.
Color
Body silvery, tan, or yellowish, base of scales often black, often a series of 8-9 dark bars (may be absent in some individuals); Base of pectoral fins red; Sometimes a red streak originating on upper operculum, passing beneath eye and onto snout; Two red spots often on upper rim of eye; Lips reddish; Fins pale or reddish, sometimes brilliant red on membranes near base of pelvic fins, and between spinous rays of dorsal and anal fin.
Etymology
Lethrinus: from Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus (Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)), a Mediterranean fish looking like Lethrinidae family.
miniatus: from Latin, miniatus = bright red or scarlet. Referring to reddish lips and/or brilliant red sometimes present between spinous rays of dorsal fin.
Original description: Sparus miniatus Forster, 1801 - Type localities: Tonga Islands and New Caledonia.
Distribution
Southeastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific: Philippines north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Timor, northern Australia, Norgolk island (Australia) and New Caledonia.
Biology
Juveniles live in shallow, inshore waters such as seagrass and mangrove areas, moving into deeper water as they age. Adults inhabit coral reefs during daytime where they feed occasionally in sand and rubble areas between coral heads. At night, they move out over the sandy sea floor and forage actively. Usually occur in small schools. Feed mainly on crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks and fish, with crabs and sea urchins predominating. Lethrinus miniatus are serial hermaphrodites with a protogynous strategy (i.e, female first, male second). Sexual bimodality was present in both age and lngth frequency distributions (Brown et al 1994). Marketed fresh or frozen. Caught primarily by handline. Occasionally implicated in cases of fish poisoning.
Similar species
Lethrinus olivaceus (Valenciennes, 1830) - Reported from New Caledonia.
Last update: 6, October 2024