BODIANUS BILUNULATUS - (LACEPEDE, 1801)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Labriformes (Order) > Labroidei (Suborder) > Labridae (Family) > Bodianus (Genus)
Vieille à selle noire, Blackspot wrasse, Crescent banded hogfish, Hawaiian hogfish, Red-streaked pigfish, Saddle-back hogfish, Saddleback hogfish, Saddleback pigfish, Saddleback wrasse, Table boss, Tarry hogfish, Saalrug-varkvis, Bodião betume, Vieja ensillada, Kitsunebera, キツネベラ, 사당놀래기, 双带狐鲷, 双带普提鱼,
Synonymes
Bodianus bilunulatus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
Labrus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
Lepidaplois bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 12-13; Pectoral fin rays: 2 + 14-15; Lateral line scales: 31-32; Scales above lateral line: 5-6½ (usually: 5-5½); Scales below lateral line: ≈12-14 (usually: 13½); Predorsal scales: ≈12-18. Lower jaw naked. Upper jaw with prominent anterior canines of similar size; First canine slightly smaller than second in juveniles, slightly larger than second in some large adults; Both canines directed mostly ventrally in juveniles; First canine slanted anteroventrally in adults; Second directed ventrally, angled slightly anteriorly and laterally in larger specimens; Lateral teeth in juveniles few in number, small, isolated, scattered on narrow dental ridge, becoming coalesced into ridge in small adults; Numerous individual teeth developing in single row in larger adults, especially posteriorly; 1-2 (rarely: 0) prominent canines at posterior end of jaw, directed anteroventrally and slightly laterally. Lower jaw with prominent anterior canines distinctly unequal; First canine 2⁄3-4⁄5 size of second; First canine directed anterodorsally and slightly mesially, more dorsally in juveniles; Second directed dorsally in smaller specimens, slanting anterodorsally and slightly laterally, recurving dorsally in larger specimens; Lateral teeth basically in a single row forming about 3 series; Anterior series largely coalesced on anterior ¼-2⁄5 of jaw, with 0-4 short canines posteriorly, teeth more or less confluent with second series in juveniles and small adults, up to 7 short blunt canines forming along coalesced dental ridge in larger adults; 3-10 teeth in second series seemingly more individual, not based on raised dental ridge, moderately long, becoming longer posteriorly; Third series with 2-7 distinctly short canines of equal size at posterior end of jaw; Numerous tiny rounded teeth forming on mesial side of dental ridge behind prominent anterior canines in both jaws of very large specimens. Caudal fin truncate in juveniles, only slightly rounded at most; Dorsal-most and ventralmost rays elongate in larger specimens forming narrow pointed lobes, dorsal lobe usually longer than ventral, reaching nearly 1.5 times that of middle rays. Tip of pelvic fin usually reaching to or just short of anus, rarely reaching much past it (to base of second anal-fin spine in one specimen). Max. length: 55.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 1.8 kg. Depth range: 3 - 160 m.
Color
Juveniles: numerous narrow stripes on body reddish brown; Broad band posteriorly on body extending from distal edge of posterior third of dorsalfin to distal margin of anal fin uniformly black. Dorsal side of snout, nape and back below first few dorsal-fin spines bright yellow to brownish orange. Dorsal fin bright yellow to yellowish orange. Anal fin uniformly black with narrow transparent margin posteriorly. Pelvic fin mostly white with more or less blackish distal margin anteroventrally.
Initial-phase adults: dorsal portion of body and posterior end of caudal peduncle pink; Numerous narrow stripes red anteriorly and posteriorly; Stripes breaking up in very large specimens forming short narrow red band on each scale; Dorsal side of head pink to red with narrow red stripes middorsally; Stripes dorsoposterior and anteroventral to eye red or orangish red; Small spots on operculum pink to red, cheek pale pink in very large specimens; Stripe posteroventral to corner of mouth grey, more or less suffused with red to reddish brown. Dorsal fin mostly transparent anteriorly with narrow yellow or yellowish orange midlateral and marginal stripes; Fin yellow posteriorly, becoming reddish orange basally posterior to spines in small adults; Fin in larger specimens pink to red anteriorly, pink to pinkish white posteriorly. Anal fin yellowish white with narrow yellowish or yellowish orange basal and marginal stripes in small adults, suffused with pink in larger specimens. Caudal fin pink, transparent distally, with yellowish orange dorsal and ventral rays in smaller adults; Fin in larger specimens pink to red, pinkish white distally. Pectoral fin transparent, pinkish white in larger specimens; Basal tips of rays outlined by narrow reddish pink band. Pelvic fin white or pinkish white; Some specimens with anteroventral margin reddish to grey.
Terminal-phase adult: body pink, whitish below; Red bar on each body scale behind head and above lower level of pectoral-fin base; Faint grey blotch at posterior end of dorsal-fin base; Head mostly red, yellowish white on lower jaw and underside of head; Grey streak directed ventroposteriorly from corner of mouth. Dorsal fin reddish grey, darker grey anteriorly; Black spot between first 3 spines. Anal fin reddish grey, darker anteriorly. Caudal fin red, grey on dorsal and ventral edges. Pectoral fin yellow, dorsobasal quarter of fin reddish; Narrow red band on fleshy fin base. Pelvic fin grey.
Etymology
Bodianus: after Bodiano or Pudiano, from the Portuguese pudor, meaning modesty (Jordan & Evermann, 1896).
bilunulatus: from Latin adverb, bis = two or twice + from Latin diminutive noun, lunula (luna + ulus) = somewhat like the moon. Referring to the lunate caudal fin (double emarginate with filamentous lobes) of the type specimen.
Original description: Labrus bilunulatus Lacepède, 1801 - Type locality: Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean.
Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Walters Shoals and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), east to Philippines, north to Amami Islands and Tokara Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Biology
Adults occur on deep reef slopes rich with invertebrates such as sponges and seawhips, but young adults are occasionally seen much shallower. Usually solitary in coral and rocky reefs. Feed mainly on benthic, hard-shelled, invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans. Protogynous. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding.
Similar species
Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes, 1839) - Reported from Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands.
Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908) - Reported from New Caledonia - Link to the species (here).
Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède, 1801) - Reported from Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos), Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues).
Last update: 15, March 2023
Vieille à selle noire, Blackspot wrasse, Crescent banded hogfish, Hawaiian hogfish, Red-streaked pigfish, Saddle-back hogfish, Saddleback hogfish, Saddleback pigfish, Saddleback wrasse, Table boss, Tarry hogfish, Saalrug-varkvis, Bodião betume, Vieja ensillada, Kitsunebera, キツネベラ, 사당놀래기, 双带狐鲷, 双带普提鱼,
Synonymes
Bodianus bilunulatus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
Labrus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
Lepidaplois bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)
------------------------
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 12-13; Pectoral fin rays: 2 + 14-15; Lateral line scales: 31-32; Scales above lateral line: 5-6½ (usually: 5-5½); Scales below lateral line: ≈12-14 (usually: 13½); Predorsal scales: ≈12-18. Lower jaw naked. Upper jaw with prominent anterior canines of similar size; First canine slightly smaller than second in juveniles, slightly larger than second in some large adults; Both canines directed mostly ventrally in juveniles; First canine slanted anteroventrally in adults; Second directed ventrally, angled slightly anteriorly and laterally in larger specimens; Lateral teeth in juveniles few in number, small, isolated, scattered on narrow dental ridge, becoming coalesced into ridge in small adults; Numerous individual teeth developing in single row in larger adults, especially posteriorly; 1-2 (rarely: 0) prominent canines at posterior end of jaw, directed anteroventrally and slightly laterally. Lower jaw with prominent anterior canines distinctly unequal; First canine 2⁄3-4⁄5 size of second; First canine directed anterodorsally and slightly mesially, more dorsally in juveniles; Second directed dorsally in smaller specimens, slanting anterodorsally and slightly laterally, recurving dorsally in larger specimens; Lateral teeth basically in a single row forming about 3 series; Anterior series largely coalesced on anterior ¼-2⁄5 of jaw, with 0-4 short canines posteriorly, teeth more or less confluent with second series in juveniles and small adults, up to 7 short blunt canines forming along coalesced dental ridge in larger adults; 3-10 teeth in second series seemingly more individual, not based on raised dental ridge, moderately long, becoming longer posteriorly; Third series with 2-7 distinctly short canines of equal size at posterior end of jaw; Numerous tiny rounded teeth forming on mesial side of dental ridge behind prominent anterior canines in both jaws of very large specimens. Caudal fin truncate in juveniles, only slightly rounded at most; Dorsal-most and ventralmost rays elongate in larger specimens forming narrow pointed lobes, dorsal lobe usually longer than ventral, reaching nearly 1.5 times that of middle rays. Tip of pelvic fin usually reaching to or just short of anus, rarely reaching much past it (to base of second anal-fin spine in one specimen). Max. length: 55.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 1.8 kg. Depth range: 3 - 160 m.
Color
Juveniles: numerous narrow stripes on body reddish brown; Broad band posteriorly on body extending from distal edge of posterior third of dorsalfin to distal margin of anal fin uniformly black. Dorsal side of snout, nape and back below first few dorsal-fin spines bright yellow to brownish orange. Dorsal fin bright yellow to yellowish orange. Anal fin uniformly black with narrow transparent margin posteriorly. Pelvic fin mostly white with more or less blackish distal margin anteroventrally.
Initial-phase adults: dorsal portion of body and posterior end of caudal peduncle pink; Numerous narrow stripes red anteriorly and posteriorly; Stripes breaking up in very large specimens forming short narrow red band on each scale; Dorsal side of head pink to red with narrow red stripes middorsally; Stripes dorsoposterior and anteroventral to eye red or orangish red; Small spots on operculum pink to red, cheek pale pink in very large specimens; Stripe posteroventral to corner of mouth grey, more or less suffused with red to reddish brown. Dorsal fin mostly transparent anteriorly with narrow yellow or yellowish orange midlateral and marginal stripes; Fin yellow posteriorly, becoming reddish orange basally posterior to spines in small adults; Fin in larger specimens pink to red anteriorly, pink to pinkish white posteriorly. Anal fin yellowish white with narrow yellowish or yellowish orange basal and marginal stripes in small adults, suffused with pink in larger specimens. Caudal fin pink, transparent distally, with yellowish orange dorsal and ventral rays in smaller adults; Fin in larger specimens pink to red, pinkish white distally. Pectoral fin transparent, pinkish white in larger specimens; Basal tips of rays outlined by narrow reddish pink band. Pelvic fin white or pinkish white; Some specimens with anteroventral margin reddish to grey.
Terminal-phase adult: body pink, whitish below; Red bar on each body scale behind head and above lower level of pectoral-fin base; Faint grey blotch at posterior end of dorsal-fin base; Head mostly red, yellowish white on lower jaw and underside of head; Grey streak directed ventroposteriorly from corner of mouth. Dorsal fin reddish grey, darker grey anteriorly; Black spot between first 3 spines. Anal fin reddish grey, darker anteriorly. Caudal fin red, grey on dorsal and ventral edges. Pectoral fin yellow, dorsobasal quarter of fin reddish; Narrow red band on fleshy fin base. Pelvic fin grey.
Etymology
Bodianus: after Bodiano or Pudiano, from the Portuguese pudor, meaning modesty (Jordan & Evermann, 1896).
bilunulatus: from Latin adverb, bis = two or twice + from Latin diminutive noun, lunula (luna + ulus) = somewhat like the moon. Referring to the lunate caudal fin (double emarginate with filamentous lobes) of the type specimen.
Original description: Labrus bilunulatus Lacepède, 1801 - Type locality: Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean.
Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Walters Shoals and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), east to Philippines, north to Amami Islands and Tokara Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Biology
Adults occur on deep reef slopes rich with invertebrates such as sponges and seawhips, but young adults are occasionally seen much shallower. Usually solitary in coral and rocky reefs. Feed mainly on benthic, hard-shelled, invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans. Protogynous. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding.
Similar species
Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes, 1839) - Reported from Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands.
Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908) - Reported from New Caledonia - Link to the species (here).
Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède, 1801) - Reported from Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos), Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues).
Last update: 15, March 2023