SUNDOWN ON THE TOWN
Melbourne est la deuxième agglomération urbaine d'Australie après Sydney. Le «Grand Melbourne» (Greater Melbourne) comptait 4 246 345 habitants au recensement officiel 2012, soit 1,9% de plus qu'en 2011.
Située près de la baie de Port Phillip, au sud-est de l'Australie, Melbourne est la capitale de l’État de Victoria. En anglais, ses habitants sont les Melburnians.
Melbourne est un important centre commercial, industriel et culturel. La ville est souvent qualifiée de capitale «sportive et culturelle» de l'Australie, car elle abrite de nombreuses manifestations et institutions culturelles et sportives parmi les plus importantes du pays.
Elle a été classée, avec six points, ville mondiale gamma au classement de 1999 de l'université de Loughborough. Melbourne est connue pour son mélange d'architecture de l'époque victorienne et d'architecture contemporaine, son vaste réseau de tramway, ses parcs et jardins victoriens, ainsi que pour sa société multiculturelle. Elle a reçu les jeux olympiques d'été de 1956 et les jeux du Commonwealth de 2006. Melbourne est considérée par The Economist comme la ville la plus agréable à vivre au monde.
Melbourne a été fondée par des colons libres en 1835, 47 ans après l'installation de la première colonie pénitentiaire européenne à Sydney, comme une zone de mise en valeur agricole autour du fleuve Yarra. La ville s'est rapidement transformée en métropole lors de la ruée vers l'or au Victoria dans les années 1850, Melbourne la merveilleuse est devenue la plus grande ville d'Australie en 1865, mais a été rattrapée et dépassée par Sydney au début du XXe siècle.
Melbourne a servi de siège fédéral au gouvernement, au début de la création de la fédération en 1901, jusqu'à ce que le parlement fédéral se déplace dans la ville nouvelle de Canberra en 1927, marquant la fin d'une période où l'Australie n'avait pas de capitale.
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The name "Melbourne" refers to an urban agglomeration area (and census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) that comprises the greater metropolis – as well as being a common name for its metropolitan hub, the Melbourne City Centre. It is a leading financial centre in Australia, as well as the Asia-Pacific region, and has been ranked the world's most livable city since 2011 (and among the top three since 2002), according the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). In 2013 the EIU also ranked Melbourne the fourth most expensive city in the world, tying with Oslo, Norway. Melbourne is rated highly in the areas of education, entertainment, healthcare, research and development, tourism and sports.
It is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip, with its City Centre situated at the northernmost point of the bay – near to the estuary of the Yarra River. The metropolitan area extends south from the City Centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterlands – toward the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. The City Centre is located in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolis consists of a further 30 municipalities. Melbourne has a population of 4,442,918. Inhabitants of the city are called Melburnians.
Founded on 30 August 1835 (in what was then the Colony of New South Wales), by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, before becoming the capital city of the newly created Colony of Victoria in 1851. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as the interim seat of government for the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
An international centre for performing and visual arts, Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's cultural capital. It is the birthplace of Australian dance styles; the Melbourne Shuffle and New Vogue, the Australian film industry (including the world's first feature film), Australian impressionist art (known as the Heidelberg School), Australian rules football, and the Australian television industry. In more recent years, it has been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Australian Centre for the Moving Image, the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Museum, Melbourne Zoo, the National Gallery of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.
The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station (Previously Spencer Street Station). Melbourne also has the world's largest urban tram network.
Située près de la baie de Port Phillip, au sud-est de l'Australie, Melbourne est la capitale de l’État de Victoria. En anglais, ses habitants sont les Melburnians.
Melbourne est un important centre commercial, industriel et culturel. La ville est souvent qualifiée de capitale «sportive et culturelle» de l'Australie, car elle abrite de nombreuses manifestations et institutions culturelles et sportives parmi les plus importantes du pays.
Elle a été classée, avec six points, ville mondiale gamma au classement de 1999 de l'université de Loughborough. Melbourne est connue pour son mélange d'architecture de l'époque victorienne et d'architecture contemporaine, son vaste réseau de tramway, ses parcs et jardins victoriens, ainsi que pour sa société multiculturelle. Elle a reçu les jeux olympiques d'été de 1956 et les jeux du Commonwealth de 2006. Melbourne est considérée par The Economist comme la ville la plus agréable à vivre au monde.
Melbourne a été fondée par des colons libres en 1835, 47 ans après l'installation de la première colonie pénitentiaire européenne à Sydney, comme une zone de mise en valeur agricole autour du fleuve Yarra. La ville s'est rapidement transformée en métropole lors de la ruée vers l'or au Victoria dans les années 1850, Melbourne la merveilleuse est devenue la plus grande ville d'Australie en 1865, mais a été rattrapée et dépassée par Sydney au début du XXe siècle.
Melbourne a servi de siège fédéral au gouvernement, au début de la création de la fédération en 1901, jusqu'à ce que le parlement fédéral se déplace dans la ville nouvelle de Canberra en 1927, marquant la fin d'une période où l'Australie n'avait pas de capitale.
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The name "Melbourne" refers to an urban agglomeration area (and census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) that comprises the greater metropolis – as well as being a common name for its metropolitan hub, the Melbourne City Centre. It is a leading financial centre in Australia, as well as the Asia-Pacific region, and has been ranked the world's most livable city since 2011 (and among the top three since 2002), according the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). In 2013 the EIU also ranked Melbourne the fourth most expensive city in the world, tying with Oslo, Norway. Melbourne is rated highly in the areas of education, entertainment, healthcare, research and development, tourism and sports.
It is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip, with its City Centre situated at the northernmost point of the bay – near to the estuary of the Yarra River. The metropolitan area extends south from the City Centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterlands – toward the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. The City Centre is located in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolis consists of a further 30 municipalities. Melbourne has a population of 4,442,918. Inhabitants of the city are called Melburnians.
Founded on 30 August 1835 (in what was then the Colony of New South Wales), by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, before becoming the capital city of the newly created Colony of Victoria in 1851. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as the interim seat of government for the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
An international centre for performing and visual arts, Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's cultural capital. It is the birthplace of Australian dance styles; the Melbourne Shuffle and New Vogue, the Australian film industry (including the world's first feature film), Australian impressionist art (known as the Heidelberg School), Australian rules football, and the Australian television industry. In more recent years, it has been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Australian Centre for the Moving Image, the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Museum, Melbourne Zoo, the National Gallery of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.
The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station (Previously Spencer Street Station). Melbourne also has the world's largest urban tram network.