CANTHERHINES LONGICAUDUS - (HUTCHINS & RANDALL, 1982)
Actinopterygii (Gigaclass) > Actinopteri (Class) > Teleostei (Subclass) > Tetraodontiformes (Order) > Balistoidei (Suborder) > Monacanthidae (Family) > Cantherhines (Genus)
Poisson-lime à longue queue, Polynesian filefish, Longtail filefish,
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 35-36; Anal soft rays: 31-33; Pectoral fin rays: 12 (uppermost rudimentary ray not included); Caudal fin rays: 12; Gill rakers: 30; Vertebrae: 7 + 12. Body moderately deep, the depth: 2.0 in SL, and compressed, the width: 3.6-4.1 in depth; Head acute, the upper and lower profiles prominently concave anteriorly; Head length: 3.0-3.1 in SL; Snout length: 3.7-3.8 in SL; Orbit diameter: 3.8 in head length; Interorbital width: 3.8-4.2 in head; Gill slit centered below eye, its length: 3.5-3.7 in head length; Pelvis capable of moving vertically through an arc of about 250°, producing a moderate ventral flap; Caudal peduncle not deep, its length: 1.5-2.1 in depth of peduncle. Mouth small, terminal; Lips somewhat fleshy; Dentition normal, the upper jaw with 3 outer and 2 inner teeth on each side, the extremities of inner teeth projecting between outer ones; Lower jaw with 3 teeth on each side; All external teeth in jaws except posteriormost pointed. First dorsal spine moderately strong, its length: 1.6-1.7 in head length, originating over anterior half of eye, folding into a moderately deep groove in back when depressed; A series of small posteriorly directed barbs along each posterolateral edge of first dorsal spine and two series of almost indistinguishable barbs on anterior face; Soft dorsal and anal fins about equal in height, longest soft dorsal ray (fifth to eighth): 1.6-2.2 in head length; Length of soft dorsal fin base: 2.4-2.5 in SL, somewhat longer than base of anal fin (bases of fin membranes not perforated); Interdorsal space flat to prominently elevated (latter condition rarely occurs in females of species which normally possess flat interdorsal spaces), its length: 1.2 in head length; Base of pectoral fin below center to posterior half of eye; Caudal fin long, its length: 2.9-3.1 in SL, the posterior border rounded; All fin rays except median 10 of caudal unbranched; Pelvic fin rudiment small, length: 5.4-6.1 in orbit diameter, consisting of three pairs of incasing scales armed with minute barbs and immovably fused to posterior end of pelvis. Scales on head and body minute, each with one to many short slender spinules, giving skin a velvety to slightly coarse texture; Midbody scales usually with one to two transverse rows ofslightly recurved spinules; Caudal peduncle unarmed in female. Max. length: 13.2 cm SL. Depth range: 18 - 21 m.
Color
Head and body dull yellow. A dark-brown band extending from ventroposterior border of orbit to upper pectoral base, decreasing in width ventrally; Two faint bands cross interorbital space, a wide anterior one joining anterior borders of orbits, and a narrow posterior one at origin of first dorsal spine; Five faint large, dark blotches on ventral region, the first on chin and last just anterior to rear of pelvis; A rather prominent dark blotch about equal to eye diameter on midside of body below fifth to ninth soft dorsal rays; Anterior to this a very faint dark blotch at tip of pectoral fin; Three small dark blotches posteriorly on midline of side, the last just anterior to center of caudal fin base; Indications of four rows of faint dark blotches and spots on sides, two above and two below midline of side, following dorsal and ventral contours of body, respectively; Three very faint dark saddles on base of both soft dorsal and anal fins; Two faint dark saddles on interdorsal space; Dorsal and anal rays dull yellow, the membranes translucent yellowish, the distal margin narrowly yellow; Caudal fin rays dull yellow, the membranes brownish yellow.
Etymology
The origine of the word Cantherhines is not given by William John Swainson (1789-1855) in the "The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, or monocardian animals - 1839".
Cantherhines:
1) from Greek, kantheliai, kanthiai = large or big basket + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
2) from Latin, canthus origin a Greek word, kanthos = the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the lids meet + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
3) Canthus or Canthos was an Argonauts. The Argonauts were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors" + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
longicaudus: from Latin, longus = long + from Latin, cauda = tail. Named in reference to the long caudal fin of this species.
Original description: - Type locality: Popote Bay, Papara, Tahiti, Society Islands, 18 m, spear, J. E. Randall, 7 March 1969.
Distribution
Eastern central Pacific: Lord Howe Island, Cook Islands, New Caledonia and Society Islands, Rapa.
Biology
Occurs on outer reef slopes. A generally uncommon species. Solitary. Feeds mostly on algae and benthic invertebrates.
Similar species
Cantherhines cerinus (Randall, 2011) - Reported from Philippines. It is distinguished by lacking spines or a patch of setae on the caudal peduncle, relatively short first dorsal spine, elevated anterior soft dorsal fin, low count of gill rakers: 27-31, and yellowish ground color.
Poisson-lime à longue queue, Polynesian filefish, Longtail filefish,
Description
Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 35-36; Anal soft rays: 31-33; Pectoral fin rays: 12 (uppermost rudimentary ray not included); Caudal fin rays: 12; Gill rakers: 30; Vertebrae: 7 + 12. Body moderately deep, the depth: 2.0 in SL, and compressed, the width: 3.6-4.1 in depth; Head acute, the upper and lower profiles prominently concave anteriorly; Head length: 3.0-3.1 in SL; Snout length: 3.7-3.8 in SL; Orbit diameter: 3.8 in head length; Interorbital width: 3.8-4.2 in head; Gill slit centered below eye, its length: 3.5-3.7 in head length; Pelvis capable of moving vertically through an arc of about 250°, producing a moderate ventral flap; Caudal peduncle not deep, its length: 1.5-2.1 in depth of peduncle. Mouth small, terminal; Lips somewhat fleshy; Dentition normal, the upper jaw with 3 outer and 2 inner teeth on each side, the extremities of inner teeth projecting between outer ones; Lower jaw with 3 teeth on each side; All external teeth in jaws except posteriormost pointed. First dorsal spine moderately strong, its length: 1.6-1.7 in head length, originating over anterior half of eye, folding into a moderately deep groove in back when depressed; A series of small posteriorly directed barbs along each posterolateral edge of first dorsal spine and two series of almost indistinguishable barbs on anterior face; Soft dorsal and anal fins about equal in height, longest soft dorsal ray (fifth to eighth): 1.6-2.2 in head length; Length of soft dorsal fin base: 2.4-2.5 in SL, somewhat longer than base of anal fin (bases of fin membranes not perforated); Interdorsal space flat to prominently elevated (latter condition rarely occurs in females of species which normally possess flat interdorsal spaces), its length: 1.2 in head length; Base of pectoral fin below center to posterior half of eye; Caudal fin long, its length: 2.9-3.1 in SL, the posterior border rounded; All fin rays except median 10 of caudal unbranched; Pelvic fin rudiment small, length: 5.4-6.1 in orbit diameter, consisting of three pairs of incasing scales armed with minute barbs and immovably fused to posterior end of pelvis. Scales on head and body minute, each with one to many short slender spinules, giving skin a velvety to slightly coarse texture; Midbody scales usually with one to two transverse rows ofslightly recurved spinules; Caudal peduncle unarmed in female. Max. length: 13.2 cm SL. Depth range: 18 - 21 m.
Color
Head and body dull yellow. A dark-brown band extending from ventroposterior border of orbit to upper pectoral base, decreasing in width ventrally; Two faint bands cross interorbital space, a wide anterior one joining anterior borders of orbits, and a narrow posterior one at origin of first dorsal spine; Five faint large, dark blotches on ventral region, the first on chin and last just anterior to rear of pelvis; A rather prominent dark blotch about equal to eye diameter on midside of body below fifth to ninth soft dorsal rays; Anterior to this a very faint dark blotch at tip of pectoral fin; Three small dark blotches posteriorly on midline of side, the last just anterior to center of caudal fin base; Indications of four rows of faint dark blotches and spots on sides, two above and two below midline of side, following dorsal and ventral contours of body, respectively; Three very faint dark saddles on base of both soft dorsal and anal fins; Two faint dark saddles on interdorsal space; Dorsal and anal rays dull yellow, the membranes translucent yellowish, the distal margin narrowly yellow; Caudal fin rays dull yellow, the membranes brownish yellow.
Etymology
The origine of the word Cantherhines is not given by William John Swainson (1789-1855) in the "The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, or monocardian animals - 1839".
Cantherhines:
1) from Greek, kantheliai, kanthiai = large or big basket + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
2) from Latin, canthus origin a Greek word, kanthos = the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the lids meet + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
3) Canthus or Canthos was an Argonauts. The Argonauts were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors" + from Greek, rhinos = nose.
longicaudus: from Latin, longus = long + from Latin, cauda = tail. Named in reference to the long caudal fin of this species.
Original description: - Type locality: Popote Bay, Papara, Tahiti, Society Islands, 18 m, spear, J. E. Randall, 7 March 1969.
Distribution
Eastern central Pacific: Lord Howe Island, Cook Islands, New Caledonia and Society Islands, Rapa.
Biology
Occurs on outer reef slopes. A generally uncommon species. Solitary. Feeds mostly on algae and benthic invertebrates.
Similar species
Cantherhines cerinus (Randall, 2011) - Reported from Philippines. It is distinguished by lacking spines or a patch of setae on the caudal peduncle, relatively short first dorsal spine, elevated anterior soft dorsal fin, low count of gill rakers: 27-31, and yellowish ground color.
Last update: 2, June 2023